I ka honua o ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻoihana, ua hoʻololi mau ʻia ka ʻāina e ka holomua o ka ʻenehana.I loko o nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ua ulu ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mai ka mīkini maʻalahi i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī i alakaʻi ʻia e ka naʻauao artificial (AI) a me nā robotics.Ma kēia moʻomanaʻo moʻomanaʻo, e hele mākou i kahi huakaʻi i ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.
ʻO nā lā mua: Mechanization a me ka Industrial Revolution
Ua lulu ʻia nā hua o ka automation ʻoihana i ka wā o ka Industrial Revolution o ka hopena o ka 18th a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19.Ua hōʻailona ia i kahi hoʻololi koʻikoʻi mai ka hana lima a hiki i ka mīkini, me nā mea i hana ʻia e like me ka spinning jenny a me ka power loom e hoʻololi i ka hana textile.Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai a me ka mana mahu e hoʻokele i nā mīkini, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono a me ka huahana.
Ka hiki ana mai o na Laina Hui
ʻO ke kenekulia 20 mua i ʻike i ka puka ʻana o nā laina hui, i paionia e Henry Ford i ka ʻoihana kaʻa.ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Ford i ka laina hui hoʻoneʻe i ka makahiki 1913 ʻaʻole i hoʻololi wale i ka hana kaʻa akā ua hoʻokumu pū i kahi kumu no ka hana nui ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole.ʻO nā laina hui i hoʻonui i ka pono, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana, a ʻae ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana maʻamau ma ka pālākiō.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā mīkini helu helu (NC).
I nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960, ua puka mai nā mīkini mana helu ma ke ʻano he holomua nui.ʻO kēia mau mīkini, hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kāleka punch a ma hope e nā polokalamu kamepiula, ʻae ʻia no nā hana machining pololei a maʻalahi.Ua paʻa kēia ʻenehana i ke ala no nā mīkini Computer Numerical Control (CNC), kahi mea maʻamau i kēia manawa i ka hana ʻana i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka hānau ʻana o Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
Ua ʻike pū nā 1960s i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).Hoʻolālā mua ʻia e hoʻololi i nā ʻōnaehana pili relay paʻakikī, ua hoʻololi nā PLC i ka automation ʻoihana ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ala maʻalahi a hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia e kāohi i nā mīkini a me nā kaʻina hana.Ua lilo lākou i mea hana i ka hana ʻana, hiki i ka automation a me ka nānā mamao.
Lopako a me nā ʻōnaehana hana maʻalahi
ʻO ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20 i hōʻailona i ka piʻi ʻana o nā robotics ʻoihana.ʻO nā robots e like me ka Unimate, i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka makahiki 1960, ʻo ia nā paionia ma kēia kahua.Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia mau robots mua no nā hana i manaʻo ʻia he pōʻino a hana hou paha no nā kānaka.I ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua lilo nā robots i mea maʻalahi a hiki ke lawelawe i nā hana like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka manaʻo o Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻike
ʻO ka hopena o ka 20th a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 21 i ʻike i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻike (IT) i loko o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana.Hāʻawi kēia hui ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) a me Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES).ʻAe ʻia kēia mau ʻōnaehana no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli, ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a me ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana.
ʻOihana 4.0 a me ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea (IoT)
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kaulana ka manaʻo o ka ʻOihana 4.0.Hōʻike ka ʻenehana 4.0 i ka ʻehā o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana a ua ʻike ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kino me nā ʻenehana kikohoʻe, AI, a me ka Internet of Things (IoT).Manaʻo ʻo ia i kahi wā e hiki mai ana kahi e kamaʻilio ai nā mīkini, nā huahana, a me nā ʻōnaehana a hui pū me ka autonomously, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaʻina hana kūpono a kūpono hoʻi.
Naʻauao ʻano (AI) a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini
Ua puka mai ʻo AI a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mīkini ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi pāʻani i ka automation ʻoihana.Hiki i kēia mau ʻenehana ke aʻo i nā mīkini mai ka ʻikepili, hana i nā hoʻoholo, a hoʻololi i nā kūlana hoʻololi.I ka hana ʻana, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana mana AI ke hoʻopaʻa i nā papa hana, wānana i nā pono o ka mālama pono ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi me ka pololei ʻole.
Nā Lopako Hui (Cobots)
ʻO nā robots collaborative, a i ʻole cobots, kahi mea hou i ka automation ʻoihana.ʻAʻole like me nā lopako ʻenehana kuʻuna, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā cobots e hana pū me nā kānaka.Hāʻawi lākou i kahi pae hou o ka maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana, e ʻae i ka hui pū ʻana o ke kanaka-robot no nā hana e pono ai ka pololei a me ka pono.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana: Autonomous Manufacturing and Beyond
Ke nānā nei i mua, ʻo ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana e paʻa i nā mea hoihoi.ʻO ka hana kūʻokoʻa, kahi e hana ai nā hale hana holoʻokoʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana kanaka, aia ma ka lewa.Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻenehana paʻi 3D a me nā ʻenehana hana hoʻohui, e hāʻawi ana i nā ala hou e hana ai i nā mea paʻakikī me ka maikaʻi.Hiki i ka computing quantum ke hoʻonui i nā kaulahao lako a me nā kaʻina hana.
I ka hopena, he huakaʻi kupaianaha ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mai nā lā mua o ka mīkini a hiki i ke au o AI, IoT, a me nā robotics.Ua lawe mai kēlā me kēia pae i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka pololei, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana.Ke kū nei mākou ma ka piko o ka wā e hiki mai ana, maopopo ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka automation ʻoihana i ke ʻano o kā mākou hana ʻana i nā huahana, hoʻokele i nā mea hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana a puni ka honua.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka evolution mai ka pau ʻana, a ʻo ka mokuna aʻe e hoʻohiki e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-15-2023